308 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
308 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
# 命令执行日志获取
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> 实时捕获命令输出，写入日志文件
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---
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## 1. 基础日志捕获
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"bytes"
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"fmt"
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"os/exec"
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)
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func runAndLog(command string) string {
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var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
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cmd := exec.Command("cmd", "/c", command) // Windows
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// cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c", command) // Linux
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cmd.Stdout = &stdout
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cmd.Stderr = &stderr
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err := cmd.Run()
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result := fmt.Sprintf("[命令] %s\n", command)
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result += fmt.Sprintf("[stdout]\n%s\n", stdout.String())
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if stderr.Len() > 0 {
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result += fmt.Sprintf("[stderr]\n%s\n", stderr.String())
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}
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if err != nil {
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result += fmt.Sprintf("[错误] %v\n", err)
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}
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return result
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}
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```
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---
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## 2. 实时逐行日志 + 写入文件
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```go
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func runWithLiveLog(command string, logPath string) error {
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cmd := exec.Command("cmd", "/c", command)
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stdoutPipe, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
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stderrPipe, _ := cmd.StderrPipe()
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logFile, err := os.Create(logPath)
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if err != nil {
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return err
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}
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defer logFile.Close()
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writer := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, logFile) // 同时输出到终端和文件
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cmd.Start()
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var wg sync.WaitGroup
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wg.Add(2)
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go func() {
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defer wg.Done()
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scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdoutPipe)
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for scanner.Scan() {
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writer.Write([]byte("[OUT] " + scanner.Text() + "\n"))
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}
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}()
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go func() {
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defer wg.Done()
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scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stderrPipe)
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for scanner.Scan() {
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writer.Write([]byte("[ERR] " + scanner.Text() + "\n"))
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}
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}()
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wg.Wait()
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return cmd.Wait()
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}
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```
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---
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## 3. 结构化日志
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```go
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type CommandLog struct {
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Timestamp string `json:"timestamp"`
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Command string `json:"command"`
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Stdout string `json:"stdout"`
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Stderr string `json:"stderr"`
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ExitCode int `json:"exit_code"`
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Duration string `json:"duration"`
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Success bool `json:"success"`
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}
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func runStructuredLog(command string) *CommandLog {
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start := time.Now()
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var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
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cmd := exec.Command("cmd", "/c", command)
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cmd.Stdout = &stdout
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cmd.Stderr = &stderr
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err := cmd.Run()
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elapsed := time.Since(start)
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exitCode := 0
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if err != nil {
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if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
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exitCode = exitErr.ExitCode()
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} else {
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exitCode = -1
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}
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}
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return &CommandLog{
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Timestamp: start.Format(time.RFC3339),
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Command: command,
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Stdout: stdout.String(),
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Stderr: stderr.String(),
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ExitCode: exitCode,
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Duration: elapsed.String(),
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Success: err == nil,
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}
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}
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// 追加写入 JSON 日志文件
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func appendLogJSON(logPath string, entry *CommandLog) error {
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data, _ := json.Marshal(entry)
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data = append(data, '\n')
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f, err := os.OpenFile(logPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
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if err != nil {
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return err
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}
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defer f.Close()
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_, err = f.Write(data)
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return err
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}
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```
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输出示例 (`commands.log`)：
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```
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{"timestamp":"2026-06-22T05:30:00+08:00","command":"ipconfig","stdout":"...","stderr":"","exit_code":0,"duration":"1.2s","success":true}
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{"timestamp":"2026-06-22T05:31:15+08:00","command":"dir X:\\","stdout":"","stderr":"系统找不到指定的路径。\n","exit_code":1,"duration":"0.3s","success":false}
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```
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---
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## 4. 带时间戳的日志文件
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```go
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func createLogFile(dir string) (*os.File, error) {
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os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755)
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name := fmt.Sprintf("cmd_%s.log", time.Now().Format("20060102_150405"))
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return os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, name))
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}
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```
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---
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## 5. 滚动日志（限制大小）
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```go
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const maxLogSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024 // 1MB
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func appendRollingLog(logPath string, line string) error {
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info, err := os.Stat(logPath)
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if err == nil && info.Size() > maxLogSize {
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// 超过 1MB 自动归档
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backup := logPath + "." + time.Now().Format("20060102_150405")
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os.Rename(logPath, backup)
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}
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f, err := os.OpenFile(logPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
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if err != nil {
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return err
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}
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defer f.Close()
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_, err = f.WriteString(line + "\n")
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return err
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}
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```
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---
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## 6. 超时 + 日志
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```go
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func runWithTimeoutLog(command string, timeout time.Duration, logPath string) error {
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
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defer cancel()
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cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "cmd", "/c", command)
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var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
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cmd.Stdout = &stdout
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cmd.Stderr = &stderr
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err := cmd.Run()
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entry := fmt.Sprintf("[%s] 命令: %s | 超时设置: %v | 成功: %v | stdout: %s | stderr: %s",
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time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
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command, timeout, err == nil,
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stdout.String(), stderr.String(),
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)
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if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
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entry += " | 结果: 超时"
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}
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appendRollingLog(logPath, entry)
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return err
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}
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```
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---
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## 7. Fyne GUI 日志查看器
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```go
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func main() {
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myApp := app.New()
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myWindow := myApp.NewWindow("命令日志查看器")
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myWindow.Resize(fyne.NewSize(700, 500))
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logPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "cmd_history.log")
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var mu sync.Mutex
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cmdEntry := widget.NewEntry()
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cmdEntry.SetPlaceHolder("输入命令...")
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logView := widget.NewMultiLineEntry()
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logView.Disable()
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// 清除按钮
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widget.NewButton("清除日志", func() {
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logView.SetText("")
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os.Remove(logPath)
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})
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// 执行按钮
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widget.NewButton("执行并记录日志", func() {
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command := cmdEntry.Text
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if command == "" {
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return
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}
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go func() {
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mu.Lock()
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defer mu.Unlock()
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entry := runAndLog(command)
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appendRollingLog(logPath, entry)
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current := logView.Text
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logView.SetText(current + entry + "\n---\n")
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}()
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})
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// 加载历史日志
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widget.NewButton("加载历史日志", func() {
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data, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
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if err == nil {
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logView.SetText(string(data))
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}
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})
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myWindow.SetContent(container.NewBorder(
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container.NewVBox(cmdEntry,
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container.NewHBox(/* 按钮们 */),
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),
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nil, nil, nil, logView,
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))
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myWindow.ShowAndRun()
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}
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```
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---
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## 8. 关键类型速查
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```go
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// 一次性获取全部输出
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cmd.Output() // stdout
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cmd.CombinedOutput() // stdout + stderr
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// 手动分离获取
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cmd.Stdout = &stdout // stdout 写入 buffer
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cmd.Stderr = &stderr // stderr 写入 buffer
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// 实时流式获取
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cmd.StdoutPipe() // 返回 io.ReadCloser，需在 cmd.Start() 前调用
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cmd.StderrPipe() // 同上
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// 带超时
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exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
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// 获取退出码
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exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError)
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code := exitErr.ExitCode()
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```
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